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Tokenized real-world assets

PreStocks (pre-IPO tokens on Solana)

Not approved The evidence weighs against it
Verdict
Not approved
The evidence weighs against it
Who can freeze it
Governed, no freeze
Withdrawals
The site says PreStocks ”are not available in the U.S., to U.S.
Reviewed
2026-09-23 · next 2026-12-23
Researched memo

Summary

Ketju does not approve PreStocks: the tokens give the holder no claim on any share, company or issuer, they are closed to US persons, and one program-controlled address can freeze, pause, mint, and move or burn any holder’s tokens. The Terms of Service call the tokens ”bearer digital tokens that reference economic exposure to designated pre-IPO companies.” They give the holder ”no legal, equitable, or contractual right to any underlying share or asset,” no creditor claim against any company, SPV or custodian, and no claim against PreStocks itself. PreStocks names no issuing company in the Terms, the FAQ, the product pages or the attestation reports. The Terms say the entities behind a token ”may be added, removed, substituted, restructured, or replaced at any time without notice,” and that PreStocks is ”under no obligation to identify them.” PreStocks chooses the backing, and the attestations it has published count tokens but not assets. We write no eligibility file, because no issuer has terms that a file could state.

Research

Issuer

PreStocks names no issuer. The Terms of Service, last updated 8 September 2026, open by describing PreStocks as ”a distributed network of contributors located around the world who collaborate primarily through digital means.” They go on: ”The entity that contracts with you, issues or administers any token, holds any exposure, or performs any part of the Services may differ between products, tokens, jurisdictions, and points in time.” The FAQ gives PreStocks’s reason for not naming the backers: ”Counterparty legal names are not disclosed because they require contractual confidentiality to avoid unwanted solicitation, reputational targeting, and potential adverse actions from issuers or intermediaries.”

The only facts about who runs it come from outside the documents. CoinDesk reported that PreStocks launched in August 2025 ”with backing from Republic Capital” and is led by Xavier Ekkel. The Terms choose the law of the British Virgin Islands and London arbitration, yet list the British Virgin Islands among the countries whose residents may not use the service. The only contact is an email address.

Holder’s rights

A holder owns a bearer token with a market price. The Terms say ”holding Tokens does not give you any legal, equitable, beneficial, security, or proprietary interest in, or claim over, any collateralizing asset, arrangement, or proceeds,” and that ”Holding a token does not make you a shareholder, member, partner, limited partner, beneficiary, creditor, or client of anyone.” The collateral, if any, may be ”a direct or indirect interest in one or more SPVs, funds, feeders, series, nominee, trust, or custodial arrangements; a contractual, participation, profit-sharing, forward, option, swap, or other derivative or synthetic arrangement referencing the relevant company or a proxy for it.” The Terms also list ”interests in other companies, indices, or baskets,” cash and other tokens.

The FAQ is shorter and says less: PreStocks ”are fully backed by holding entities that are directly or indirectly invested in the underlying company.” BlockOffice Pte. Ltd. wrote attestation reports for four tokens (Anthropic, SpaceX, Kalshi, Polymarket), dated June and July 2026. They confirm minted supply, 7,383.88 Anthropic tokens against a mintable 7,384.00, and state that ”Each token represents economic exposure equivalent to one share of the Referenced Company.” They name no vehicle, no share count and no dollar amount, and say the review is not an audit. In May, CoinDesk found that the PreStocks dashboard reported about $23 million of assets behind tokens that implied an Anthropic valuation near $1.5 trillion.

Company transfer rules

Anthropic’s support page, first published 11 February 2026, says: ”We do not permit special purpose vehicles (SPVs) to acquire Anthropic stock and any transfer of shares to an SPV are void under our transfer restrictions.” It adds that anyone selling Anthropic exposure to the public ”through direct sales, ”forward contracts,” tokenized securities, or other mechanisms” is likely offering ”an investment that may have no value.” OpenAI’s policy of 16 July 2025 lists ”tokenized interests in OpenAI equity or an SPV holding OpenAI equity” and says an unapproved transfer ”is void.” When both companies repeated these warnings in May 2026, the Anthropic token fell 34% and the OpenAI token 39% in seven days, in the week of 13 May 2026.

A holder can lose the link from token to share in three ways. The unnamed backer may hold only a derivative. An SPV interest may rest on a transfer that the company treats as void. And even a valid holding gives the token holder no claim to it.

Eligibility and withdrawals

The site says PreStocks ”are not available in the U.S., to U.S. persons, or to other ineligible persons,” and every user agrees ”I am not a U.S. person.” The Terms bar about three dozen countries, including the United States, China, Russia, Singapore and Panama. Trading on chain needs no identity check; CoinDesk reports that minting and redemption do. There is no minimum.

The tokens trade on Solana through Jupiter. Every transfer on chain now pays a 1% fee set by the mint’s fee authority, and the Terms allow a fee on ”any and every transaction,” including moves between a holder’s own wallets. A holder may ask to redeem, but PreStocks need not agree: ”A request for redemption does not of itself create an entitlement to have Tokens redeemed.” At an IPO, the FAQ says holders have nine months to ”convert their PreStocks tokens into the equivalent tokenized public stock,” after which ”the tokens will expire worthless.” SpaceX listed on 12 June 2026, so its nine months are running. The SpaceX page says the tokens ”must be swapped into $SPCXx or any other token before 11:59pm UTC on 12 March 2027, or they will expire worthless.” SPCXx is an xStocks note from a different issuer.

Who controls it

Every PreStocks mint we read is a Token-2022 token. On every one, the same address (WV9PJN7X…) is mint authority, freeze authority, permanent delegate, pause authority, transfer-fee authority, transfer-hook authority and metadata authority. Ketju classes the address as a program-controlled account. We could not tie it to a multisig, so we do not know who signs for it. The holder of the permanent-delegate role can move or burn any holder’s tokens without the holder’s signature. The scaled-amount extension lets the same authority change every balance shown in a wallet at once. The authority set the SpaceX multiplier to 5 on 10 June 2026.

The Terms claim every one of these powers and more: ”freeze, pause, permanent-delegate, clawback, forced-transfer, burn, mint, upgrade-authority, transfer-hook, allowlist, and blocklist capabilities.” They also give PreStocks the right to redeem compulsorily at a value PreStocks sets, ”in some circumstances nil.”

Eligibility file

An eligibility file states what an issuer promises: who may hold, the minimum, how transfer works, how redemption works, and who keeps the register of holders. PreStocks promises nothing, and names no one who could be held to a promise. The Terms also sit on a Notion page that a plain web request cannot fetch, so Ketju’s daily document check could not confirm their words. We list the program here, with the tokens and the controls, and leave it out of file coverage for that reason. Ketju will review it again if PreStocks names an issuer and publishes terms that give holders a claim.

Sources

Each claim above comes from one of these sources. Where Ketju could not verify a number, the memo states that.

The asset and the chain

This memo covers the protocol. A position also holds an asset and settles on a chain. Whichever of the three holds the most power over the position decides who can freeze it. These tables describe control and do not judge quality.

ChainVerdictFreezeWhat it can do
SolanaApproved with limits Governed, no freeze no admin key can seize funds, but stake is concentrating and the Nakamoto coefficient is below 25.
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